SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

In the article the author characterizes the main features of the system of sources of Islamic law in different historical periods — from the moment of its formation to the present day. The purpose of the study is to determine the key stages of this development based on the analysis of the formation and development of the sources of Muslim law. The methodological basis of the study is dialectics as a general method of cognition, general scientific methods (historical, systemic) and specific scientific methods (formal-legal, comparative-legal). The work presents arguments in favor of the validity of the periodization of the development of the system of sources of Muslim law, which includes five stages: 1) the period of formation — from the first half of the 7th century to the first half of the 8th century; 2) the establishment of madhhabs — religious and legal schools — the second half of the 8th century — 9th century; 3) the period of taqlid (prohibition of independent interpretation and derivation of legal norms) — 10th century — first half of the 19th century; 4) the period of European-style reforms — the second half of the 19th century — first half of the 20th century. 5) the period of re-Islamization — from the second half of the 20th century to the present. The results of the study allow the author to make a forecast about the further continuation of the process of re-Islamization in the legal systems of the Muslim world.