THE REGULATORY CRISIS IN FAMILY RELATIONS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: OVERCOMING EXPERIENCES AT THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY TO THE EARLS XX CENTURY

The article explores the experiences of European countries in addressing crisis phenomena related to the regulation of family relations. The purpose of this study is to assess the measures adopted by European states in addressing the public's demand for the implementation of civil marriage and civil divorce, as well as the resolution of conflicts arising from the regulation of marriage and family relations complicated by cross-border factors. In keeping with the stated purpose, the article outlines the following tasks: to uncover the significance and rationales for revisiting the subject of introducing civil marriage from the second half of XIX century to the early XX century; to show the features of the introduction of civil divorce in European countries; to consider international cooperation among European States to streamline approaches to the regulation of family relations. The study concluded that the implementation of the civil form of marriage was linked to revolutionary events or periods of reform. Despite temporary setbacks during restoration periods, these achievements were eventually reinstated. The introduction of civil divorce was significantly challenging due to the negative perception from both the state and various religious denominations, who viewed it as a threat to the institution of the family. In the early XX century, European nations initiated the process of entering into international treaties with the objective of harmonizing the regulation of family matters and resolving conflict issues.